The Paulownia genus includes some of the fastest-growing trees in the world, known for their ability to absorb large quantities of CO₂. Discover how to grow this incredible garden tree and learn about the most fascinating characteristics of its timber.
What Is Paulownia?
Paulownia (commonly called the Paulownia tree) belongs to a genus of the same name, which is classified under either the Paulowniaceae or Scrophulariaceae family, depending on the system used. Several species exist—including Paulownia tomentosa, Paulownia elongata, and others—all of which are admired for their striking lavender flowers, CO₂-absorbing abilities, and rapid growth. Their timber is highly valued across various industries.
Thanks to these traits, Paulownia has become one of the most popular garden trees. However, due to its size and growth rate, it’s not ideal for pot cultivation.
1. Characteristics
Paulownia trees can live up to 100 years, with an average lifespan of around 80 years. One of their most notable traits is their CO₂-capturing leaves. In fact, a hectare of Paulownia can absorb up to 1,200 tons of carbon dioxide—more than any other tree in the world.
There are several species within the genus, but the most commercially significant are:
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Paulownia tomentosa: Holds the record for the fastest tree growth—up to 5 meters per year, reaching 12–15 meters in just 3 years and over 20 meters in adulthood.
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Paulownia elongata: Grows more modestly, usually under 10 meters, but is known for its large, broad leaves.
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Paulownia fortunei: Thrives in warmer climates and can be found growing wild in China at altitudes up to 2,000 meters.
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Paulownia kawakamii (Sapphire Dragon Tree): Nearly extinct in the wild but widely cultivated for its high-quality wood. It is smaller, reaching 6–12 meters in height.
2. Symbolic Meaning of Paulownia
In Japan, the tree is called kiri, while in China, it’s known as paotong. One of its most poetic names is the phoenix tree, a reference to its astonishing ability to regenerate from its roots even after being cut down—emerging stronger each time.
The tree originates in central China but gained popularity in Europe when it was introduced as a tribute to Princess Anna Pavlovna of the Netherlands, daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia—hence the name Paulownia.
In traditional Japanese culture, Paulownia was considered sacred. A tree was often planted when a girl was born, growing alongside her. Upon her marriage, the mature wood would be used to make furniture or objects for her dowry.
3. Cultivation
Paulownia is easy to grow, thanks to its adaptability to different climates and soils, and its natural resistance to pests. However, its fast growth and expansive root system make it unsuitable for pot cultivation.
Light Requirements
Paulownia thrives in full sunlight, though it can tolerate partial shade. It’s highly adaptable to both warm and temperate climates.
Soil and Fertilization
The tree prefers light, well-drained soils with a pH between 5.0 and 8.9. Avoid heavy clay. Although it doesn’t require much fertilization, a nitrogen-rich fertilizer may support faster growth.
Repotting or transplanting is best done between late autumn and early spring, before flowering, and only when the soil is not too wet.
Watering
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Young trees: Water occasionally, especially in dry months.
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Mature trees: Usually rely on rainwater and need minimal additional irrigation.
Pruning
Minimal pruning is needed. Avoid cutting large branches, as improper healing can lead to fungal infections. If necessary, prune only the lowest and thinnest branches.
Flowering
One of the tree’s most charming features is its spring bloom—clusters of lilac or white flowers appear between May and June, adding ornamental beauty to gardens.
4. Paulownia Wood
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